【典型例題 1】

【原文】 ①But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren’t exclusive to the interpersonal realm. ②Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fast-food logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster, even though reading has little to do with eating. ③We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we’re doing. ④Subjects exposed to fast-food flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long.

【題目】 Our reaction to a fast-food logo shows that snap decisions____.

【選項(xiàng)】

[B] are not unconscious

[D] are not impulsive

【分析】本題題干在問“我們對(duì)快餐標(biāo)識(shí)的反應(yīng)表明了倉促的做決定_______。”根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞回文定位，文中第三段第三句“We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we’re doing.”我們無意識(shí)地把快餐和速度與不耐煩聯(lián)系在一起，并且把那些沖動(dòng)帶入到我們正在做的其它任何事情中。文中出現(xiàn)的是“unconsciously ” 和 “impulses”，而B選項(xiàng)中是“not unconscious”，D選項(xiàng)是“are not impulsive”都和原文相反，均屬于在肯否定關(guān)系上設(shè)題。

【典型例題 2】

【原文】①John Gottman, the marriage expert, explains that we quickly “thin slice” information reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in “thick sliced” long-term study. ②When Dr. Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will stay together, he invites them to his island retreat for a much longer evaluation: two days, not two seconds.

【題目】 John Gottman says that reliable snap reactions are based on____.

【選項(xiàng)】

[B]‘‘thin sliced ’’study

【分析】本題題目在問John認(rèn)為“快速而又可靠的反應(yīng)是基于_______”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞回文定位到第五段第一句后半部分“John Gottman, .... we ground such snap reactions in “thick sliced” long-term study. ”即“快速的反應(yīng)是以經(jīng)過長時(shí)間研究為基礎(chǔ)的”出現(xiàn)了“thick sliced” long-term study”，而B選項(xiàng)“thin sliced ”study中的“thin”和文中的“thick”剛好相反。

通過對(duì)以上典型例題進(jìn)行分析，我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)文中的定位信息句和選項(xiàng)含義是相反的。經(jīng)常會(huì)在肯否定關(guān)系上設(shè)題，有時(shí)文章內(nèi)容是肯定的，到了選項(xiàng)中變成了否定的意味，有時(shí)文章內(nèi)容是否定的，而到了選項(xiàng)中則變成了肯定的。所以同學(xué)們在做題時(shí)，看到表否定的詞或者短語時(shí)一定要格外敏感。找準(zhǔn)關(guān)鍵詞，致勝考研英語閱讀!

【典型例題 3】

【原文】①Europe is not a gender-equality heaven. ②In particular, the corporate workplace will never be completely family-friendly until women are part of senior management decisions, and Europe’s top corporate-governance positions remain overwhelmingly male. ③Indeed, women hold only 14 percent of positions on Europe corporate boards.

【題目】In the European corporate workplace, generally_____.

【選項(xiàng)】

[A] women take the lead

【分析】本題題干在問“歐洲企業(yè)的辦公室通常會(huì)_______。”根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞回文定位到第一段第二句話“Europe’s top corporate-governance positions remain overwhelmingly male.”“歐洲高層管理的職位中，男性占主導(dǎo)地位”，而A選項(xiàng)“ women take the lead”（女性占主導(dǎo)地位），與文章內(nèi)容不符，屬于很明顯的偷換概念，把動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者給偷換掉了。

【典型例題 4】

【原文】①After all, four decades of evidence has now shown that corporations in Europe as the US are evading the meritocratic hiring and promotion of women to top position--- no matter how much “soft pressure ” is put upon them. ②When women do break through to the summit of corporate power---as, for example, Sheryl Sandberg recently did at Facebook---they attract massive attention precisely because they remain the exception to the rule.

7 ①If appropriate public policies were in place to help all women---whether CEOs or their children’s caregivers---and all families, Sandberg would be no more newsworthy than any other highly capable person living in a more just society.

【題目】Women entering top management become headlines due to the lack of ______.

【選項(xiàng)】

[B] massive media attention

[D] greater “soft pressure”

【分析】本題目的題干在問“進(jìn)入高層管理的女性會(huì)成為頭條新聞這是由于缺乏_______。”根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞回文定位，第六段第一句后半部分 no matter how much “soft pressure ” is put upon them.（無論有多大的軟壓力施加給他們）和D選項(xiàng)greater “soft pressure” （更大的軟壓力），和題干部分連起來就是“缺乏更大的軟壓力”，又是屬于明顯的偷換概念。第六段第二句后半部分“Sheryl Sandberg recently did at Facebook---they attract massive attention precisely because they remain the exception to the rule.”（她們引發(fā)了大量的媒體關(guān)注）和B選項(xiàng)massive media attention（缺乏大量媒體的關(guān)注）語義剛好相反。

以上真題典型題目的錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)均屬于和文中定位信息含義相反的情況。象類似從肯否定關(guān)系的角度來設(shè)題的選項(xiàng)在真題中比比皆是。通常文中是肯定，而選項(xiàng)是否定；選項(xiàng)是肯定，而文中是否定。有時(shí)是屬于偷換概念，有時(shí)是偷換主語，有時(shí)是偷換賓語，還有時(shí)偷換的是動(dòng)作。望廣大考生在后面研讀真題時(shí)歸納選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤的原因，及時(shí)總結(jié)做題規(guī)律，致勝2016考研英語！