考研英語(yǔ)的英譯漢與四六級(jí)的翻譯有很多不同之處，很多考生因?yàn)闆](méi)能掌握這些不同而導(dǎo)致這部分總拿不到高分，下面就英譯漢這部分的內(nèi)容做一概述。
難點(diǎn)
1.需要聯(lián)系上下文來(lái)理解詞義
考研英語(yǔ)的英譯漢是給你一篇文章，然后從中劃出5個(gè)句子，因此就必須把詞句的含義放到原文中來(lái)理解，切不可斷章取義，有的詞語(yǔ)翻譯出來(lái)的意思與其本意可能會(huì)有不同，這正是英譯漢要考察的要點(diǎn)之一。
2.多為長(zhǎng)難句
英譯漢句子平均的單詞量在30個(gè)左右，而且結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，修飾成分多，考生很容易因沒(méi)有理清句子結(jié)構(gòu)而造成翻譯得南轅北轍的現(xiàn)象。
建議
首先要擁有一定的單詞量，背單詞不能只知道其常用的意思，還應(yīng)知道其作為其它屬性或者完全與本意看似不相關(guān)的其他含義，這樣才能在聯(lián)系上下文翻譯的時(shí)候?qū)卧~的含義做到觸類旁通；其次，要有對(duì)長(zhǎng)難句的“免疫”能力，可以在做閱讀題的時(shí)候，把典型的復(fù)雜長(zhǎng)難句記下來(lái)，試著劃分句子結(jié)構(gòu)，做到熟能生巧。最后，平時(shí)可以多看一些英文文章，培養(yǎng)一下語(yǔ)感，有助于對(duì)句子含義的整體把握。
真題解析
Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written on the ANSWER SHEET（10 points）（2014年考研英語(yǔ)真題Part C）
Music means different things to different people and sometimes even different things to the same person at different moments of his life. It might be poetic, philosophical, sensual, or mathematical, but in any case it must, in my view, have something to do with the soul of the human being. Hence it is metaphysical; but the means of expression is purely and exclusively physical: sound. I believe it is precisely this permanent coexistence of metaphysical message through physical means that is the strength of music。（46）It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself。
Beethoven's importance in music has been principally defined by the revolutionary nature of his compositions. He freed music from hitherto prevailing conventions of harmony and structure. Sometimes I feel in his late works a will to break all signs of continuity. The music is abrupt and seemingly disconnected, as in the last piano sonata. In musical expression, he did not feel restrained by the weight of convention。（47）By all accounts he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one, and I find courage an essential quality for the understanding, let alone the performance, of his works。
This courageous attitude in fact becomes a requirement for the performers of Beethoven's music. His compositions demand the performer to show courage, for example in the use of dynamics。（48）Beethoven's habit of increasing the volume with an extreme intensity and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him。
Beethoven was a deeply political man in the broadest sense of the word. He was not interested in daily politics, but concerned with questions of moral behavior and the larger questions of right and wrong affecting the entire society。（49）Especially significant was his view of freedom, which, for him, was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual: he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression。
Beethoven's music tends to move from chaos to order as if order were an imperative of human existence. For him, order does not result from forgetting or ignoring the disorders that plague our existence; order is a necessary development, an improvement that may lead to the Greek ideal of spiritual elevation. It is not by chance that the Funeral March is not the last movement of the Eroica Symphony, but the second, so that suffering does not have the last word。（50）One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering is inevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living。
46. It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself。
【主干識(shí)別】
It is also the reason。
【其他成分】
why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself 定語(yǔ)從句
when we try to describe music with words 定語(yǔ)從句中的狀語(yǔ)從句
all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself 定語(yǔ)從句的主句，在翻譯的時(shí)候一定要注意在正確理解的基礎(chǔ)上按照中文的表達(dá)習(xí)慣完成翻譯。
比如對(duì)于all we can 的翻譯，由于前面已經(jīng)把we翻譯成“我們”了，所以這里就不需要再翻譯“我們”了。可以直接翻譯為：只能……
our reactions to it 可以直接翻譯為“我們對(duì)于音樂(lè)的反應(yīng)”，也可以翻譯為“我們的感受”。
【詞匯突破】
articulate 清楚地表達(dá)
grasp 理解
【參考譯文】
這也是為什么我們用語(yǔ)言描述音樂(lè)時(shí)，只能清楚地表達(dá)出自己的感受，卻不能理解音樂(lè)本身。
47. By all accounts he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one, and I find courage an essential quality for the understanding, let alone the performance, of his works。
【主干識(shí)別】
I find…
【其他成分】
賓語(yǔ)從句之一：He was a freethinking person and courageous person。
賓語(yǔ)從句之二：Courage is an essential quality for the understanding and the performance of his works。
這兩個(gè)句子相對(duì)比較簡(jiǎn)單，只是需要理解一些插入語(yǔ)的層次；
a freethinking person, and a courageous one 第一個(gè)句子主干的插入語(yǔ)
the understanding of his works，the performance of his works第二個(gè)句子主干的插入語(yǔ)
在翻譯技巧上注意名詞和動(dòng)詞間的相互轉(zhuǎn)化：理解他的作品，演奏他的作品
【詞匯突破】
by all accounts 從各個(gè)方面來(lái)說(shuō)……
【參考譯文】
我認(rèn)為從各個(gè)方面來(lái)說(shuō)，他都是個(gè)思想自由的勇者。而且我認(rèn)為理解他的作品必須具備勇敢這一品質(zhì)，演奏他的作品就更是如此。
48. Beethoven's habit of increasing the volume with an extreme intensity and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him。
【主干識(shí)別】
Beethoven's habit was only rarely used。
【其他成分】
of increasing the volume with an extreme intensity and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage 作habit 的定語(yǔ)
這是本句的難點(diǎn)。我們一直強(qiáng)調(diào)，在英文向中文轉(zhuǎn)化的過(guò)程中，一定要將過(guò)長(zhǎng)的成分單獨(dú)成句，這樣符合中文的習(xí)慣，同時(shí)，名詞和動(dòng)詞的相互轉(zhuǎn)化也是與之相伴的技巧。這里habit和with就可以翻譯為：“習(xí)慣用……”這樣一個(gè)中文的句子就出現(xiàn)了：貝多芬習(xí)慣用強(qiáng)烈的漸強(qiáng)來(lái)增大音量。再翻譯后半部分：abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage，此處following也翻譯為動(dòng)詞。
（這）was only rarely used by composers before him。用一個(gè)偉大的代詞“這”來(lái)代替之前的主語(yǔ)部分，接著再翻譯后半部分就很容易了。
【詞匯突破】
volume 音量
passage （音樂(lè)作品的）段落
【參考譯文】
貝多芬習(xí)慣用強(qiáng)烈的漸強(qiáng)來(lái)增大音量，然后突然緊接舒緩的曲段，這是之前的作曲家極少使用的手法。
49.Especially significant was his view of freedom, which, for him, was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual: he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression。
【主干識(shí)別】
Especially significant was his view of freedom。
這個(gè)是一個(gè)完全倒裝的句子，正常的語(yǔ)序應(yīng)該是：his view of freedom was especially significant。
【其他成分】
which（指代自由），for him, was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual 定語(yǔ)從句（可以單獨(dú)成句）
he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression 冒號(hào)引導(dǎo)的一個(gè)句子，在翻譯中依然可以單獨(dú)成句。
【詞匯突破】
advocate 提倡
【參考譯文】
他對(duì)于自由的看法尤其重要，他認(rèn)為自由與個(gè)人的權(quán)利和義務(wù)相關(guān)，他提倡思想和表達(dá)自由。
50.One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering is inevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living。
【主干識(shí)別】
One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven。
【其他成分】
by saying that suffering is inevitable 狀語(yǔ)
but the courage to fight it renders life worth living 狀語(yǔ)中的賓語(yǔ)從句，單獨(dú)成句即可。
courage to fight 可以翻譯為：勇于抗?fàn)帲部梢苑g為：抗?fàn)幍挠職狻?/p>
renders life worth living 可以翻譯為：使人生值得活下去，也可以翻譯為：賦予生命以意義。
【詞匯突破】
interpret 對(duì)（書(shū)面或口頭材料）釋義，解釋（作者，說(shuō)話人）的意思
render 使……
【參考譯文】
人們也許可以將貝多芬的大多數(shù)作品解釋成：苦難在所難免，但勇于抗?fàn)庂x予生命以意義。
通過(guò)今天的學(xué)習(xí)，希望大家能成功地在英譯漢這個(gè)“陣地”上再拿下一城，為自己考研成功增加一個(gè)砝碼，加油！
